Every piping engineer eventually encounters a project where a butterfly valve was specified without enough thought given to its connection type — and the consequences tend to surface at the worst possible moment: during a hydrostatic test, a maintenance shutdown, or an end-of-line expansion that nobody planned for. The three standard butterfly valve types — wafer, lug, and double-flanged — are not interchangeable. Each encodes a set of assumptions about how the system will be built, operated, and serviced. Getting the choice right at the specification stage costs nothing. Getting it wrong at the installation stage costs considerably more.